Intro:
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) describes a group of symptoms/conditions that can result from compression of the nerves/arteries and/or veins that supply either arm.
Symptoms:
Depending on which of the three structures are compressed, symptoms can include:
- Arm pain, numbness or tingling
- Arm weakness
- Swelling and discoloration
- Symptoms are worse with overhead movements
Risk Factors:
Thoracic outlet syndrome often occurs in young and otherwise healthy individuals. However, injury to the base of the neck and shoulder can increase the risk of developing symptoms.
Diagnosis:
Although difficult to definitively diagnosis, Imaging tests can be helpful including:
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- Angiogram/venogram
- Nerve conduction test
- Anesthetic block
Treatment:
Treatment of TOS is often multifactorial and includes a combination of physical therapy and interventions including:
- Surgical decompression (For any type of TOS)
- Surgical bypass (For arterial TOS)
- Thrombolytic therapy (For venous TOS)
- Nerve block for (For neurogenic TOS)
