Intro:
Lymphedema is a chronic condition that occurs when lymphatic fluid builds up in the soft tissue of the arm or legs. If left untreated, lymphedema can lead to thickening of the skin, frequent infections and reduced quality of life.
Symptoms:
Chronic lymphedema can cause:
- Progressive arm or leg swelling, heaviness, tightness and itchiness
- Skin hardening and thickening
- Frequent cellulitis / soft tissue infections
Risk Factors:
- Congenital condition
- Surgery (especially involving the armpit or groin)
- Radiation treatment
- Cellulitis/soft tissue infection
- Infection (Filariasis)
Diagnosis:
Lymphedema is often diagnosed clinically on physical examination. Some testing may be required to rule out venous thrombosis or insufficiency. Specialized testing of the lymphatic system (Lymphoscintigraphy) is rarely done.
Treatment:
Lymphedema is difficult to treat but early diagnosis and regular management can often lead to improvement in quality of life.
These include:
- Regular compression garment use
- Salt and water restriction
- Avoidance of tight clothing or blood pressure cuffs
- Leg/arm elevation
- Regular exercise
- Lymphedema drainage massage
- Surgical treatment is rare
