Intro:
Blood clots an occur in both the deep or superficial veins in the arms or legs. When they occur in the superficial veins, they can be uncomfortable but are often not life threatening.
Symptoms:
Patients suffering from a superficial venous thrombosis, also known as phlebitis can experience:
- Redness, pain and/or warmth over the vein
- Swelling of the affected limb
- Prominent and firm superficial veins
Risk Factors:
Risk factors for developing superficial venous thrombosis include:
- Trauma or injury to the site
- Prolonged immobility (ie after surgery, or due to deconditioning)
- Severe venous insufficiency or varicose veins
- Previous episodes of deep or superficial venous thrombosis
- Recent IV insertion
- Family history
Diagnosis:
Superficial venous thrombosis or phlebitis is often first diagnosed on clinical exam. An urgent non-invasive venous ultrasound is important to make sure the blood clot does not extend to the deep venous system.
Treatment:
Blood clots that are limited to the superficial venous system do not usually require treatment with a blood thinner. Temporary management of symptoms include:
- Anti-inflammatory medication such as Ibuprofen
- Compression stocking use
- Leg elevation
- Topical cold compress
- Blood thinners are sometimes prescribed for high risk patients, recurrent episodes, or when the superficial blood clot extends close to the deep venous system
